The 5 important components students should master to grow to be proficient readers are
phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Comprehension refers to
the capability to recognize the meaning of text, and is the end goal of all reading
instruction. Students with powerful comprehension abilities are use a number of
comprehension tactics as they study to assist them make sense of what they may be reading.
They choose these methods logically and use these methods intentionally. This automaticity
is created by purposeful teacher instruction and extensive student practice.